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Great Trigonometrical Survey
The Great Trigonometrical Survey was a project carried out by the Survey of India throughout most of the 19th century. It was piloted in its initial stages by William Lambton, and later by George Everest. Among the many accomplishments of the Survey were the demarcation of the British territories in India and the measurement of the height of the Himalayan giants: Everest, K2, and Kanchenjunga. The Survey had an enormous scientific impact as well, being responsible for one of the first accurate measurements of a section of an arc of longitude, and for measurements of the geodesic anomaly.
==History==
The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India started on 10 April 1802 with the measurement of a baseline near Madras. Major Lambton selected the flat plains with St. Thomas Mount at the north end and Perumbauk hill at the southern end. The baseline was long. Lieutenant Kater was despatched to find high vantage points on the hills of the west so that the coastal points of Tellicherry and Cannanore could be connected. The high hills chosen were Mount Delly and Tadiandamol. The distance from coast to coast was and this survey line was completed in 1806. The East India Company thought that this project would take about 5 years but eventually it took more than 60 years, lasting past the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the end of company rule in India in 1858.
Because of the extent of the land to be surveyed, the surveyors did not triangulate the whole of India but instead created triangulation chains running from North to South and East to West. At times the survey party numbered 700 people.〔''Bluesci: Cambridge university science magazine'', 29 January 2011,("History: The Great Trigonometrical Survey" ), Cambridge.〕
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